On July 8, 1683, Shi Lang led troops to attack Penghu and claimed victory on the 16th of the same month. Having lost his battle at sea, Liu Guo-Xuan retreated to Taiwan and advocated surrender to the Qing regime. Zheng Ke-Shuang surrendered in September, and shaved his hair in October to officially end the Zheng regime in Taiwan. The Stele of the Pacification of Taiwan originated from the Grand Mazu Temple in Tainan. Erected in 1685 by Shi Lang after Taiwan became part of the Qing Empire to depict the process and aftermath of pacification, it is the oldest remaining Qing Dynasty stele in Taiwan.