The Zheng regime, which replaced the Dutch regime after 1662, viewed sea trade as critical to their survival. But after the Qing Dynasty replaced the Zheng regime, Taiwan was transformed from an open maritime trading post to a place of little importance on the frontiers of the empire. International transshipment trade was replaced by mainly cross-strait trade. Taiwan thereby moved away from the era of international trade, entering instead an era of agricultural development led by migrants from China’s Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and becoming a territory of the Chinese empire.