After the war, the Republic of China represented the Allies to receive Taiwan. Japanese troops and civilians living in Taiwan were repatriated, and Taiwanese people who had been scattered overseas during the war returned to Taiwan. Later, as the civil war between the ROC government and the Chinese Communist Party raged, at least 1.21 million Chinese soldiers and civilians moved to Taiwan in the space of five years; most of these newcomers settled down in metropolitan areas. Chinese people moving to Taiwan – so-called “mainlanders” – became an emerging ethnic group in Taiwan. The postwar baby boom greatly increased Taiwan’s population, which grew from 6 million to 9.36 million in the decade after the war.