The Japanese colonial regime introduced modern education to Taiwan, but its major objectives included transforming Taiwanese people into “perfect Japanese nationals” as well as developing human resources for the sake of its colonial rule. Nevertheless, modern education also inspired the self-awareness of Taiwanese people, with many studying oversea, where they learned about modern parliamentary politics and democracy. The new generation of Taiwanese intellectuals was dissatisfied with the colonial system in Taiwan and initiated a new era of resistance, employing political and social movements to win the support of Taiwanese people. In addition to demanding political rights from the colonial regime, they also dedicated themselves to improving Taiwan’s society and culture.